STATIC GK ALL TIME FAVOURITE
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- Stone Age is divided into three periods, namely-
- 1) Paleolithic or Old Stone Age
- 2) Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age
- 3) Neolithic or New Stone Age.
- Paleolithic age : The word lithic is derived from the Greek lithos, meaning stone. Paleolithic means Old Stone Age, Mesolithic means Middle Stone Age, and Neolithic means New Stone Age.
- Mesolithic Age-
- The Mesolithic Era began about 12,000 years ago and went on for about 2,000 years.
- Also called the Middle Stone Age.
- The mesolithic Age was a much shorter period than the Palaeolithic, having lasted about ten thousand years in India.
- The technological hallmark of this period is tiny stone tools or microliths.
- In addition, the Mesolithic people also used non-microlithic tools made of flakes and blades.
- Microliths
- Microliths are stone tools which are of length from 1cm to 5 cm, these are shaped like blades and are made of stones such as – chert, chalcedony, agate etc.
- These tools are really small and sharp and have been found in different kinds of shapes such as triangles, crescents, trapezes, rhombus etc.
- Neolithic Age : The third and last phase of the Stone Age was known as the Neolithic Age, or New Stone Age.
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| Important Festivals of North East India | |
| State | Festivals |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Boori Boot, Myoko, Dree, Pongtu, Losar, Monpa festival |
| Assam | Ambubachi, Bhogali Bihu, Baishagu, Dehing Patkai |
| Mizoram | Chapcharkut Festival |
| Nagaland | Hornbill festival, Tsukheneye, Sekreny |
| Meghalaya | Nongkrem festival, Khasis festival, Wangla |
| Manipur | Yaoshang, Porag, Chavang Kut |
| Tripura | Kharchi Puja |
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Important Instruments and Related Personalities
| Instruments | Related Personality |
| Santoor | Pt. Shiv Kumar Sharma, Bhajan Sopori |
| Sarod | Amjad Ali khan, Sharan Rani, Ali Akbar Khan, Buddhadev Dasgupta |
| Sitar | Pt. Ravi Shankar, Anushka Shankar, Mushtaq Ali Khan,Ustad Vilayat Khan |
| Sarangi | Shakoor Khan, Pt. Ram Narayan, Ustad Binda Khan |
| Veena | Zia Mohiuddin Dagar, Emani Sankara Shastri |
| Violin | MS Gopalakrishnan, M Chandrashekhar |
| Guitar | Braj Bhushan Kabra |
| Mandolin | U Srinivas |
| Shehnai | Ustad Bismillah Khan, Ali Ahmad Hussain |
| Flute | Hari Prasad Chaurasiya, Pannalal Ghosh |
| Tabla | Zakir Hussain, Allah Rakha Khan, Pt. Krishan Maharaj |
| Mrindagam | KV Prasad, SV Rajarao, Palghat Mani Iyer |
| Kanjra | Puddukkoti Dakshinmurthi Pillai |
| Ghatam | TH Vinayakaram, EM Subramaniam |
| Pakhawaj | Totaram Sharma, Pt. Ayodhya Prasad, Gopal das |
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- The important rulers of the Gupta dynasty were:
- Chandragupta I - (320 - 330 A.D.)
- Samudragupta - (330 - 380 A.D.)
- Chandragupta II - (380 - 415 A.D.)
- Kumaragupta - (415 - 455 A.D.)
- Abul Fazl
- Abul Fazl was the grand courtier of the Mughal emperor Akbar.
- He was the author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign
- Apart from Akbarnama, Abul Fazl also wrote the Persian translation of the Bible.
- Nine Jewels of Akbar
- Raja Birbal- He was a noble who won Akbar's appreciation for his wits.
- Miyan Tansen-He was the musician in Akbar's court
- Abul Fazal- He was the chief advisor in the court of Akbar. Faizi- Faizi was a poet who was famous for his work Nal U Daman.
- Raja Man Singh- He was the General in the court of Akbar.
- Raja Todar Mal- He was the Finance minister in the court of Akbar
- Mullah Do Piazza- Home Minister of Akbar.
- Fakir Aziao-Din-Religious Minister of Akbar.
- Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana- Defence Minister of Akbar and a renowned poet
- Article 343 of the Indian Constitution recognizes Hindi in Devanagari script as the Official Language of the Union
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- The alimentary canal includes
- Mouth (buccal cavity)
- Oesophagus (food pipe)
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
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- Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)
- During his tenure as Governor- General following were the various events that took place:
- Abolition of Sati and other cruel rites (1829).
- Suppression of thugs (1830).
- Charter Act of 1833.
- Resolution of 1835, and educational reforms and introduction of English as the official language.
- Annexation of Mysore (1831), Coorg (1834), and Central Cachar (1834).
- Treaty of 'perpetual friendship with Ranjeet Singh.
- Abolished the provincial court of appeal and circuit.
Governor-General of India
- Lord Canning
- He was an English statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
- He was the Governor-General of India from 1856 - 1858 and viceroy from 1858 - 1862.
- He was the first Viceroy of India after the transfer of power from the East India Company to the Crown of Queen Victoria in 1858.
- After the rebellion, he presided over a smooth transfer and reorganization of government from the East India Company to the crown.
- He is credited with establishing the first three modern Universities in India, the University of Calcutta, the University of Madras, and the University of Bombay based on Wood's despatch.
- Canning also passed the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, of 1856 which was drafted by his predecessor Lord Dalhousie before the rebellion.
- Lord Dalhousie:
- James Andrew Brown-Ramsay also known as Lord Dalhousie.
- He served as governor-general of India from 1848-1856.
- James Outram was made the British Resident of Awadh in place of Sleeman.
- He said that the administration of Awadh is very corrupt and the condition of the people is very contemplative.
- Outram's report was the basis for the annexation of Awadh.
- Lord Dalhousie annexed the Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Shah on February 13, 1856, accusing him of misrule.
- Apart from Awadh, under the principle of Doctrine of Lapse, the merged territories- Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854), and Karauli (1855).
- The first attempt towards railway construction in India was made by Lord Dalhousie in 1853 AD.
- It was laid between Bombay to Thane at the time of Dalhousie.
- The last expansion of British Indian territory took place during Dalhousie.
- During his tenure, for the first time, a separate public Works Department was created.
- Lord Warren Hastings
- In 1781, Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of Bengal, established a madrasa in Calcutta for the study and teaching of Muslim law.
- Calcutta Madrasa, The (later Calcutta Aliya Madrasa) was the earliest of the state-managed educational institutions under British rule in India.
- Founded by Governor-General Warren Hastings in October 1780 with its entire expense borne by him for a year and a half, of course fully reimbursed later, the Bengal Government took it over in April 1782.
- Originally situated at Baithakkhana near Sealdah in Calcutta.
- It was shifted to its present site at Wellesley Square in 1827.
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- Panchnad comprises five rivers located on the left bank of the Indus.
- They are also tributaries of the Indus river.
- They originate across the Himalayas.
- They are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej
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- The Grand Slam Tournaments
- Australian Open - Played on a hard court in the month of January.
- French open - Played on a clay court in the month of May.
- Wimbledon - Played on the grass court in the month of July.
- US Open - Played on a hard court in the month of August.
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Greenhouse gasses
- A greenhouse gas, often known as a greenhouse gas (GHG or GhG), is a gas that creates the greenhouse effect by absorbing and radiating heat infrared light.
- Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3) are the planet's main greenhouse gases .
- Without greenhouse gases, the average surface temperature of the Earth would be closer to -18 °C (0 °F) than it is today, which is 15 °C (59 °F).
- Greenhouse gases are found in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan.
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Scientific Name of Vitamins and their Sources
The different types of Vitamins, sources of vitamins and their Scientific names of vitamins are as follows -
Article 19
6 types of freedoms
- All citizens shall have the right-
- to freedom of speech and expression.
- to assemble peaceably and without arms;
- to form associations or unions;
- to move freely throughout the territory of India.
- to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
- to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
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- The food chain consists of :
- Producers
- Primary consumers
- Secondary consumers
- Tertiary consumers
- The producers
- are the ones that produce food.
- these include all the autotrophs, like phytoplankton, green plants, etc.
- Consumers
- these are dependent on other organisms or plants for food.
- includes herbivores, carnivores, etc.
- Omnivores - Organisms that eat both plants and animals.
- Carnivores - Organisms that eat animals.
- Decomposers - These feed on dead and decaying things.
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- There are three cropping seasons in India:
- Kharif season
- Rabi season
- Zaid season
- Kharif season -
- This season starts in June and ends in October.
- The crops are sown in June and harvested in September.
- These include
- Rice
- Maize
- Sorghum
- Bajra
- Soybean
- Cotton
- Rabi season -
- The crops are sown during October and harvested in February.
- These are winter-season crops.
- These include
- Wheat
- Barley
- Oats
- Pulses
- Mustard
- Linseed
- Zaid season -
- These are sown in March and harvested in June.
- These include Seasonal fruits and vegetables.
- 8.81 inches - 9 inches is the average circumference of the standard cricket ball in international cricket.
- A cricket ball is a hard, solid ball used to play cricket.
- The weight of a cricket ball is 159.9gram. – 163gram.
- A cricket ball consists of a cork core wound with string then a leather cover stitched on, and manufacture is regulated by cricket law at first-class level.
- The trajectory of a cricket ball when bowled, through movement in the air, and off the ground, is influenced by the action of the bowler and the condition of the ball and the pitch, while working on the cricket ball to obtain optimal condition is a key role of the fielding side.
CRICKET Information
- The first official cricket test match was played in the year 1877 between Australia and England in Melbourne.
- The First One Day International cricket match was played in the year 1971 between England and Australia in Melbourne.
- The first World Cup of one-day matches was played in 1975 in London.
- The apex institution of world cricket is the International Cricket Council (ICC) and its headquarters are now in Dubai.
- Earlier it was in Lords (England).
- The ICC was founded in 1909.
- The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was formed in 1928.
- Terminologies used in cricket are Toss, Run, Wicket, Bails, Crease, Pavilion, Maiden Over, Follow-on, Bowled, Stump Out, Run Out, L.B.W. Hit Wicket, No
- ball, Wide ball, Dead ball, Overthrow, Bye, Leg bye, Cover drive, Late cut, Hook, Glance, Stroke, Spot, Pull, Sixer, Followthrough, Googly, Cover, Gully, Long on, Silly point, Midwicket, Mid on, Forward short leg
- The first slip is a position behind the batsman.
- The Indian States and Folk Dances
- Andhra Pradesh- Kuchipudi, Bhamakalpam, Lambadi, Dhimsa, Kolattam, Butta Bommalu.
- Assam- Bihu, Bichhua, Natpuja, Maharas, Kaligopal, Bagurumba, Naga dance, Khel Gopal, Tabal Chongli, Canoe, Jhumura Hobjanai
- Bihar- Jata-Jatin, Bakho-Bakhain, Panwariya, Sama Chakwa, Bidesia.
- Gujarat- Garba, Dandiya Ras, Tippani Juriun, Bhavai.
- Haryana- Jhumar, Phag, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khor, Gagor.
- Himachal Pradesh- Jhora, Jhali, Chharhi, Dhaman, Chhapeli, Mahasu, Nati, Dangi.
- Jammu and Kashmir- Rauf, Hikat, Mandjas, Kud Dandi Nach, Damali.
- Karnataka- Yakshagan, Huttari, Suggi, Kunitha, Karga, Lambi.
- Kerala- Kathakali (Classical), Ottamthullal, Mohiniattam, Kaikottikali.
- Maharashtra- Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa, Dahikala Dasavtar or Bohada.
- Odisha- Odissi (Classical), Savari, Ghumara, Painka, Munari, Chhau.
- West Bengal- Kathi, Gambhira, Dhali, Jatra, Baul, Marasia, Mahal, Keertan.
- Punjab- Bhangra, Giddha, Daff, Dhaman, Bhand, Naqual.
- Rajasthan- Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal, Kalbeliya.
- Tamil Nadu- Bharatanatyam, Kumi, Kolattam, Kavadi.
- Uttar Pradesh- Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli, Jaita.
- Uttarakhand- Garhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari, Jhora, Raslila, Chappeli.
- Goa- Tarangamel, Koli, Dekhni, Fugdi, Shigmo, Ghode, Modni, Samayi nrutya, Jagar, Ranmale, Gonph, Tonnya mell.
- Madhya Pradesh Jawara, Matki, Aada, Khada Nach, Phulpati, Grida Dance, Selalarki, Selabhadoni, Maanch.
- Chhattisgarh Gaur Maria, Panthi, Raut Nacha, Pandwani, Vedamati, Kapalik, Bharthari Charit, Chandaini.
- Jharkhand Alkap, Karma Munda, Agni, Jhumar, Janani Jhumar, Mardana Jhumar, Paika, Phagua,Hunta Dance, Mundari Dance, Sarhul, Barao, Jhitka, Danga, Domkach, Ghora Naach.
- Arunachal Pradesh Buiya, Chalo, Wancho, Pasi Kongki, Ponung, Popir, Bardo Chham.
- Manipur Dol Cholam, Thang Ta, Lai Haraoba, Pung Cholom, Khamba Thaibi, Nupa Dance, Raslila, Khubak Ishei, Lhou Sha.
- Meghalaya Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Nongkrem, Laho.
- Mizoram Cheraw Dance, Khuallam, Chailam, Sawlakin, Chawnglaizawn, Zangtalam, Par Lam, Sarlamkai/Solakia, Tlanglam.
- Nagaland Rangma, Bamboo Dance, Zeliang, Nsuirolians, Gethinglim, Temangnetin, Hetaleulee.
- Tripura Hojagiri.
- Sikkim Chu Faat Dance, Sikmari, Singhi Chaam or the Snow Lion Dance, Yak Chaam, Denzong Gnenha, Tashi Yangku Dance, Khukuri Naach, Chutkey Naach, Maruni Dance.
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IMPORTANT ARTICLES FOR EXAM
| Article | Provision |
| Article 40 | Organization of a village panchayat |
| Article 41 | Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases |
| Article 43 | Living Wages, etc. for workers |
| Article 43 A | Participation of workers in the management of industries |
| Article 44 | Uniform civil code |
| Article 45 | Provision for free and compulsory education for children |
| Article 46 | Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST), and OBC |
| Article 48 | Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry |
| Article 49 | Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance |
| Article 50 | Separation of the judiciary from the executive |
| Article 51 | Promotion of international peace and security |
